![]() Hubbard himself was convicted in absentia of fraud by a French court in 1978 and sentenced to four years in prison. government, resulting in several executives of the organization being convicted and imprisoned for multiple offenses by a U.S. During the 1970s, Hubbard's followers engaged in a program of criminal infiltration of the U.S. In January 1951, the New Jersey Board of Medical Examiners brought proceedings against the Dianetic Research Foundation on the charge of teaching medicine without a license. įrom soon after their formation, Hubbard's groups have generated considerable opposition and controversy, in some instances due to their illegal activities. These aspects have become the subject of popular ridicule. Despite being kept secret from most followers, this forms the central mythological framework of Scientology's ostensible soteriology: attainment of a status referred to by Scientologists as " clear". The secret Scientology texts say this was a ruler of a confederation of planets 70 million years ago who brought billions of alien beings to Earth and then killed them with thermonuclear weapons. They include reference to an extraterrestrial life-form called Xenu. The Scientology doctrine states that any Scientologist undergoing "auditing" will eventually come across and recount a common series of events. These texts say that lives preceding a Thetan's arrival on Earth were lived in extraterrestrial cultures. ![]() The organization has gone to considerable lengths to try to keep these secret, but they are freely available on the internet. Some Scientology texts are only revealed after followers have spent more than $200,000 in the organization, and it charges tens of thousands of dollars for access to these texts in what it calls " Operating Thetan" levels. Scientology teaches that a human is an immortal, spiritual being ( Thetan) that resides in a physical body and has had innumerable past lives. By 1954, he had regained the rights to Dianetics and retained both subjects under the umbrella of the Church of Scientology. He then recharacterized the subject as a religion and renamed it Scientology, retaining the terminology, doctrines, and the practice of " auditing". The foundation went bankrupt, and Hubbard lost the rights to his book Dianetics in 1952. This he promoted through various publications, as well as through the Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation that he established in 1950. Hubbard initially developed a set of ideas that he called Dianetics, which he represented as a form of therapy. The most recent published census data indicate that there were about 25,000 followers in the United States (in 2008) around 2,300 followers in England (2011) and about 1,700 in each of Canada (2011) and Australia (2016). It has been variously defined as a cult, a business, or a new religious movement. Scientology is a set of beliefs and practices invented by American author L. For other uses, see Scientology (disambiguation). For the organization, see Church of Scientology. This article is about the beliefs and movement.
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